cement, aggregates, entraining admixtures, hardeners, sand & water ratio is
required when making concrete. Our unique formula is as follows: Tricalcium
silicate 50 % Ca3SiO5 or 3CaO.SiO2
Dicalcium silicate 25 % Ca2SiO4 or 2CaO.SiO2
Tricalcium aluminate 10 % Ca3Al2O6 or 3CaO .Al2O3
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite 10 % Ca4Al2Fe10 or 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
Gypsum 5 % CaSO4.2H2O. The equation for the hydration of tricalcium silicate is
given by:
Tricalcium silicate + Water--->Calcium silicate hydrate+Calcium hydroxide + heat
2 Ca3SiO5 + 7 H2O ---> 3 CaO.2SiO2.4H2O + 3 Ca(OH)2 + 173.6kJ
Upon the addition of water, tricalcium silicate rapidly reacts to release calcium ions,
hydroxide ions, and a large amount of heat. The pH quickly rises to over 12 because
of the release of alkaline hydroxide (OH-) ions. This initial hydrolysis slows down
quickly after it starts resulting in a decrease in heat evolved.
The reaction slowly continues producing calcium and hydroxide ions until the
system becomes saturated. Once this occurs, the calcium hydroxide starts to
crystallize. Simultaneously, calcium silicate hydrate begins to form. Ions precipitate
out of solution accelerating the reaction of tricalcium silicate to calcium and
hydroxide ions. The evolution of heat is then dramatically increased.
The formation of the calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate crystals provide
"seeds" upon which more calcium silicate hydrate can form. The calcium silicate
hydrate crystals grow thicker making it more difficult for water molecules to reach the
unhydrated tricalcium silicate. The speed of the reaction is now controlled by the
rate at which water molecules diffuse through the calcium silicate hydrate coating.
This coating thickens over time causing the production of calcium silicate hydrate to
become slower and slower.
When water is added to cement, each of the compounds undergoes hydration and
contributes to the final ConcreteForever.com product. Only the calcium silicates
contribute to strength. Tricalcium silicate is responsible for most of the early
strength (first 7 days). Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, contributes only
to the strength at later times.
Steel Reinforcement: Preformed bars #3 or greater complying with the requirements
of ASTM A-615, Grade 60, unless otherwise indicated, and of domestic
manufacture. Mesh reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A-185.
B. Metal Accessories: Shall include all spacers, chairs, ties, and other devices for
properly spacing, supporting, and fastening reinforcement in place.
C. Cement: Portland cement of North American manufacture conforming to the
requirements of ASTM C-150, Type I or II. Use only one brand of cement throughout
the project, one concrete plant when using integral color.
D. Concrete Aggregates: Shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C-33.
1. Fine Aggregate: Sand shall consist of hard, tough, and preferably siliceous
material, clean, free from mineral or other coatings, soft particles, clay, loam, or
other deleterious matter.
2. Coarse Aggregate: Crushed stone or gravel, having clean, hard, durable,
uncoated particles, free from deleterious matter. The 1-1/2" aggregate shall conform
to gradation #467 and the 3/4" aggregate to the size #67 in Table II of ASTM C-33.
The 3/4" aggregate shall be used for structural slabs, lintel beams, and any other
location where 3/4 of the clear space between reinforcing bars or between bars and
the forms require this size aggregate.
E. Admixtures:
1. Water Reducing Admixture: "Eucon 75" by The Euclid Chemical Company,
Polyheed Non-Chloride by Master Builders, WRDA with Hycol by Grace Construction
Products, or Platocrete 160" by Sika Chemical Corporation. The admixture shall
conform to ASTM C-494, Type A, for proper color pigmentation and not contain more
chloride ions than are present in municipal drinking water.
2. Non-Corrosive, Non-Chloride Accelerator: "Accelguard80" by The Euclid Chemical
Company, or approved equal. The admixture shall conform to ASTM C-494, Type C
or E, and not contain more chloride ions than are present in municipal drinking
water. The admixture manufacturer must have long-term non-corrosive test data
from an independent testing laboratory (or at least a year's duration) using an
acceptable accelerated corrosion test method such as that using electrical potential
measures.
3. Air Entraining Admixture: Conform to ASTM C-260, "Darex AEA" as manufactured
by The Construction Products Division of W.R. Grace & Company, or approved equal
to obtain desired color pigment.
4. Prohibited Admixture: Calcium chloride, thiocyanates or admixture containing
more than 0.05% chloride ions are not permitted.
5. Certification: Written conformance to the above mentioned requirements and the
chloride ion content of the admixture will be required from the admixture
manufacturer prior to mix design review by the Architect.
F. Curing Paper: Water, reinforced appear; "Orange Label Sisalkraft," as
manufactured by the American Sisalkraft
Corporation, "Scuf-Champ,: as manufactured by Ludlow Papers, "Flor-Cur W/S," as
manufactured by Glas-Kraft, or approved equal.
G. Moisture Barrier: "J" Pro Vapor Shield, Super Sampson SS4 or Tu Tuff 4.
H. Color Hardener: L.M. Scofield Company Lithochrome color hardener. Hardener
shall be Brick Red color.
I. Concrete Colorant: L.M. Scofield Company Chromix admixture color shall be
Quarry Red.
J. Release Agent: L.M. Scofield Company Lithochrome antiquing release. Color
shall be broadcast evenly over slab.
K. Floor Slab Sealer: ProSoCo Inc., SLX 100 penetrating sealer.
